Kasumba inapitia Afrika Mashariki

Ripoti ya Umoja wa Mataifa inasema kuwa wanaofanya magendo ya mihadarati Afrika sasa wanapitia Afrika Mashariki,
kwa sababu ya vikwazo vingi Asia na Mashariki ya Kati, na hivo kuleta uvunjaji wa sheria na matumizi zaidi ya mihadarati katika eneo hilo la Afrika Mashariki.

Inakisiwa kuwa biashara ya mihadarati ilifika dola bilioni 68 dunia nzima, katika mwaka wa 2009.

Ofisi ya Kupambana na Mihadarati na Uhalifu ya Umoja wa Mataifa, inasema ina wasiwasi kuwa Afrika Mashariki imekuwa njia inayotumiwa na wafanya magendo, kwa sababu kanda hiyo haina uwezo wa kupambana na magendo na uraibu wa mihadarati.
Inasema madawa ya kulevya na idadi ya walanguzi waliokamatwa, inaonesha kuwa wafanya magendo hayo, hasa magengi kutoka Afrika Magharibi, wanazidi kusafirisha kasumba kutoka Afghanistan na Pakistan kupitia Afrika Mashariki, kisha kupeleka Ulaya na kwengineko.
Afghanistan ndio mzalishaji mkubwa kabisa wa kasumba, na asilimia 40 hupitishwa Pakistan, kabla ya kuelekezwa kwengineko.
Ripoti hiyo ya Umoja wa Mataifa inasema katika miezi mitatu ya mwanzo ya mwaka huu, shehena mbili za kasumba, kila moja zaidi ya kilo mia moja, zimeripotiwa Kenya na Tanzania.
Inaeleza kuwa sababu ya magendo hayo kuzidi ni rushwa, umaskini na uwezo haba wa idara za kuweka sheria.

Soko kuu lateketea Kampala

Moto Kampala

Wachuuzi kama elfu kumi katika soko kuu la Owino mjini Kampala, wamepoteza mali zao zilizoteketea kwenye moto uliotokea Jumapili alfajiri.

Hii ni mara ya pili moto kutokea hapo katika kipindi cha miaka miwili.
Polisi walisema wanachunguza tukio hilo.

BARAZA Kuu la Waislamu Tanzania (BAKWATA) limekemea na kulaani tabia ya waumini wa dini hiyo kufanya vitendo vinavyokwenda kinyume na maadili ya dini yao kwa kisingizio cha `Kuvunja Jungu’ wakati wa kuukaribisha Mwezi Mtukufu wa Ramadhan.

Aidha, limesema tabia hiyo ni machukizo mbele za Mwenyeezi Mungu na kwamba Mwezi Mtukufu hukaribishwa kwa yaliyo matukufu.

Sheikh Mkuu wa Mkoa wa Dar es Salaam, Alhaji Mussa Salum ameyasema hayo leo wakati Baraza hilo lilipokuwa likizungumzia kutarajiwa kuanza kwa Mwezi Mtukufu wa Ramadhan kati ya Jumapili au Jumatatu, baada ya kutolewa kwa taarifa ya kuandama kwa mwezi na Ofisi ya Mufti wa Tanzania na Ofisi ya Mufti wa Zanzibar.

“Kuna tabia ya kuvunja jungu kwa njia ya haramu siku za mwisho za mwezi huu, vijana wa kiume na wa kike wanakodi magari wanaenda ‘kujimwaga’ katika fukwe za bahari zilizoko mafichoni na yanayojiri huko hayawi salama,” alisema Sheikh Salum na kuongeza:

“Katika kumbi za starehe huwasikia wasanii wakiwaaalika watu kuvunja jungu, hayo yote ni machukizo mbele za Mwenyeezi Mungu, tuyaache mara moja kwani mwezi Mtukufu hukaribishwa kwa yaliyo matukufu,” alisema.

Alisema kuanza kwa Mwezi Mkutufu, kwa Uislamu ni kutekeleza nguzo ya nne kati ya nguzo tano za Uislamu ambapo Baraza linawataka Waislamu wote kuuheshimu mwezi huo, hata wasiokuwa waislamu waige tabia ya Watanzania kuheshimu matukufu ya watu wa imani nyingine.

Aidha, alisema kuanza kwa mwezi huo, hoteli na migahawa isiyo katika maeneo ya lazima kufunguliwa yasifunguliwe, kumbi za starehe za burudani na hata katika baa zipunguze ghadhabu za Mwenyezi Mungu kwa siku hizo 29 au 30 za Mwezi Mkutufu.

Sheikh Salum pia amewataka wafanyabiashara hasa wa vyakula kuwa na huruma katika mwezi huo kwa kutopandisha bei za vyakula kiasi cha kuwafanya wafungaji kutaabika kupata futari na aina nyingine ya vyakula.

Kuhusu kuwepo kwa migogoro ya Mwezi kwa Waislamu kwamba wapo wanaowahi kufunga na wengine kuchelewa, alisema jambo hilo halitoisha hadi kiama kwani ni asili na jambo la msingi ni kutobugudhiana, kufarakana, kulumbana na kugombana bali waelimishane kila mara.

Kadhalika kuhusu kupungua kwa waislamu katika maeneo ya baa, nyumba za kulala wageni na sehemu za vyakula wakati wa Mwezi Mtukufu, alisema haamini kama waislamu ndio wamekuwa wakishiriki katika maeneo hayo kwa wingi ila ipo tabia ya kuheshimiana baina ya imani nyingine.

Aidha, Sheikh Salum alitumia fursa hiyo kueleza kuwa, Bakwata inawaombea kwa Mwenyezi Mungu Wabunge wa Bunge Jamhuri ya Muungano ili awazidishie hekima, busara na heshima ili yote wayafanyayo yaendane na hadhi ya mahali walipo.

Kauli hiyo, pasi ya shaka inatokana na matukio ya utovu wa nidhamu yanayotajwa au kuonekana kupitia vyombo vya habarihuenda tika siku za hivi karibuni

Riddle of the vanishing Neanderthals finally solved... they were overrun by modern humans

It has been one of the great mysteries of human existence.


But scientists have cracked what happened to our Neanderthal ancestors, who ruled the globe for 300,000 years then suddenly vanished.
For generations, experts have pointed to humans’ superior brains or better hunting techniques as the reason for our supremacy.
But Cambridge University researchers have discovered the real answer was much simpler - we overran them.
Modern humans, who evolved in the cradle of Africa, arrived in Europe with more than ten times the population of the Neanderthals and took over their habitats.
This dramatic increase  in numbers meant the Neanderthals were unable to compete for animals and scarce food supplies during the freezing sub-zero winters.
And with more of our own kind, and more complex systems of communication, humans relied on each other for help and were able to trade resources in times of scarcity.
Professor Sir Paul Mellars, Professor Emeritus of Prehistory and Human Evolution at the Department of Archaeology, said:  ‘Faced with this kind of competition, the Neanderthals seem to have retreated initially into more marginal and less attractive regions of the continent and eventually – within a space of at most a few thousand years – for their populations to have declined to extinction….around 40,000 years ago.’

His teams studied ruins from the Perigord region of south-western France which contains the largest concentration of Neanderthal and early human sites in Europe.
There they found clear evidence that humans penetrated the region in ten times the numbers of the local Neanderthals and much bigger areas of occupation – seen in stone tools and animal food remains.

Neanderthal populations declined to extinction around 40,000 years ago

The researchers believe their findings, published in the journal Science, demonstrate for the first time the massive numerical supremacy the earliest modern human populations had over the Neanderthals and resolve the long-running debate over the reasons for their extinction.

Modern humans arrived in Europe from Africa with ten times the population of Neanderthals and simply overran them

Whether humans also possessed more highly developed brains and associated mental capacities than the Neanderthals still remains a matter of intense debate, but experts have pointed to their sophisticated cave paintings and use of spears for hunting as evidence of their innovations.
Prof Mellars added: ‘In any event, it was clearly this range of new technological and behavioural innovations allowed the modern human populations to invade and survive in much larger population numbers than those of the preceding Neanderthals across the whole of the European continent.’
Neanderthals and modern humans shared a common ancestor in Africa. 
Around 400,000 years ago early Neanderthals left Africa and headed for Europe and Asia.
However, our ancestors stayed behind, and evolved into modern humans.
Then, 100,000 years ago, they too left Africa in a wave of migrations.
The two species lived side by side in Europe and Asia for up to 20,000 years until the Neanderthals vanished.
Last year genetic research revealed there was a small amount of inter-breeding, and modern Asians and Europeans have between one and four per cent of Neanderthal DNA.